Protection of persons and property
Negligent or reckless operation of aircraft.
An aircraft shall not be operated in a negligent or reckless manner so as to endanger life or property of others.
Minimum heights.
Except when necessary for take-off or landing. Or except by permission from the appropriate authority, aircraft shall mot be flown over the congested areas of cities, towns or settlements or over an open-air assembly of persons, unless at such a height as will permit, in the event of an emergency arising , a landing to be made without undue hazard to persons or property on the surface.
Cruising levels
The cruising levels at which a flight or a portion of a flight is to be conducted shall be in terms of ;
a) Flight levels, for flight or above the lowest usable flight level or, where applicable, above the transition altitude ;
b) Altitudes, for flight below the lowest usable flight level or, where applicable, at or below the transition altitude
Dropping or spraying
Nothing shall be dropped or sprayed from an aircraft in flight except under condition prescribed by the appropriate authority and as indicted by relevant information, advice and / or clearance from the appropriate air traffic services unit.
Towing
No aircraft or other object shall be towed by an aircraft, except in accordance with requirements prescribed by the appropriate authority an as indicated by relevant information, advice and / or clearance from the appropriate air traffic services unit.
Parachute descents
Parachute descents, other than emergency descent, shall not be made except under condition prescribed by the appropriate authority and as indicated by relevant information, advice and / or clearance from the appropriate air traffic services unit.
Acrobatic flight
No aircraft shall be flown acrobatically except under conditions prescribed by appropriate authority and as indicated by relevant information, advice and / or clearance from the appropriate air traffic services unit.
Unmanned free balloons
An unmanned free balloon shall be operated in such a manner as to minimize hazards to persons, property or other aircraft and in accordance with the condition specified in Appendix 4.
Right – of – way
An aircraft that is obliged by the following rules to keep out of the way of another shall avoid passing over, under or in front of the other, unless it passes well clear and takes into account the effect of aircraft wake turbulence.
Approaching head-on. When two aircraft are approaching head-on approximately so there is danger of collision, each shall alter its heading to the right.
Converging. When two aircraft are converging at approximately the same level, the aircraft that has the other on its right shall give way, except as follows:
a) Power – drive heavier-that-air aircraft shall give way to airships, gliders and balloons;
b) Airships shall give way gliders and balloons;
c) Gliders shall give way to balloons;
d) Power - driven aircraft shall give way to aircraft which are seen to be towing other aircraft or objects.
Overtaking. An overtaking aircraft is an aircraft that approaches another from the rear on a line forming an angle of less than 70 degrees with the plane of symmetry of the latter, i.e. is in such a position with reference to the other aircraft that at night it should be unable to see either of the aircraft’s left (port) or right (starboard) navigation lights. An aircraft that is being overtaken has the right-of-way and the overtaking aircraft, whether climbing, descending or in horizontal flight, shall keep out of the way ot the other aircraft by altering its heading to the right, and no subsequent change in the relative position of the two aircraft shall absolve the overtaking aircraft from this obligation until it is entirely past and clear.
Landing
An aircraft in flight, or operating on the ground or water, shall give way to aircraft landing or in the final stages of an approach to land.
When two or more heavier-that-air aircraft approaching an aerodrome for the purpose of landing, aircraft at the higher level shall give way to aircraft at the lower level, but the latter shall not take advantage of this rule to cut in front of another which is in the final stages of approach to land, or to overtake that aircraft. Nevertheless power-driven heavier-than air aircraft shall give way gliders.
Emergency landing. An aircraft that is aware that another is completed to land shall give way to that aircraft.
Surface movement of aircraft.
In case of danger of collision between two aircraft taxiing on the movement area of an aerodrome the following shall apply:
a) when two aircraft are approaching head on, or approximately so, each shall stop or where practicable alter its course to the right so as to keep well clear;
b) when two aircraft are on a converging course, the one which has the other on its right shall give way;
c) an aircraft which is being overtaken by another aircraft shall have the right – of – way and the overtaking aircraft shall keep well clear of the other aircraft.
Water operations.
When two aircraft or an aircraft and a vessel are approaching one another and there is risk of collision, the aircraft shall proceed with careful regard to existing circum-stances and condition including the limitation of the respective craft.
Converging. An aircraft which has another aircraft or a vessel on its right shall give way so as to keep well clear.
Approaching head-on. An aircraft approaching another aircraft or a vessel head-on, or approximately so, shall alter its heading to the right to keep well clear.
Overtaking the aircraft or vessel which is being overtaken has the right of way, and the one overtaking shall alter of its heading to keep well clear.
Landing and taking off. Aircraft landing on or taking off from the water shall, in so far as practicable, keep well clear of all vessels and avoid impeding their navigation.
Lights to be displayed by aircraft on the water. Between sunset and sunrise or such other period between sunset and sunrise as may be prescribed by the appropriate authority, all aircraft on the water shall display lights as required by the International Regulation for Preventing Collisions at Sea (revised 1972) unless it is impractical for them to do so, in which case they shall display lights as closely similar as possible in characteristics and position to those required by the international Regulations.
Closing a flight plan
Unless otherwise prescribed by the appropriate ATS authority, a report of arrival shall be made either in person or by radio at the earliest possible moment after landing, to the appropriate air traffic services unit at the arrival aerodrome, by any flight for which a flight plan has been submitted covering the entire flight or the remaining portion of a flight to the destination aerodrome.
When a flight plan has been submitted only in respect of a portion of a flight, other than the remaining portion of a flight to destination, it shall, when required, be closed by an appropriate report to the relevant air traffic service unit.